Stages of Vein Disease: Understanding Where You Are on the Spectrum
Vein disease, also known as chronic venous disorder (CVD) or chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), is a progressive condition that affects the veins in your legs. Over time, it can worsen if left untreated—leading to swelling, skin changes, and even open wounds.
Knowing your stage of vein disease can help you take the right steps for treatment and prevention. The CEAP classification is the international standard used by vein specialists to describe vein disease severity.
Below is a breakdown of each stage from C1 through C6R, with explanations of symptoms, visible signs, and why early intervention matters.
Stage C1 – Spider Veins & Reticular Veins
What you see: Fine red, blue, or purple veins visible on the skin surface (spider veins) or slightly larger bluish veins under the skin (reticular veins).
Symptoms: Often cosmetic, but some patients experience aching, burning, or itching in the legs.
Why it matters: While early, C1 can be a sign of underlying vein dysfunction. Treatment can prevent progression and improve appearance.
Stage C2 – Varicose Veins
What you see: Enlarged, rope-like veins bulging above the skin surface.
Symptoms: Aching, heaviness, throbbing, cramping, or leg fatigue—especially after standing or sitting for long periods.
Why it matters: C2 means visible, structural vein damage. Early treatment can reduce symptoms and slow progression.
Stage C2R – Recurrent Varicose Veins
What you see: Varicose veins that return after previous treatment.
Symptoms: Similar to C2—aching, swelling, fatigue.
Why it matters: Recurrence may signal untreated or newly developed venous reflux. A follow-up ultrasound can determine the cause.
Stage C3 - Leg Swelling (Edema)
What you see: Persistent swelling of the ankles or lower legs that is worse at the end of the day.
Symptoms: Tightness, heaviness, and discomfort in the legs.
Why it matters: Swelling is a sign that vein disease is progressing. Untreated, it can lead to skin changes and ulcer risk.
